<p>The Adams County Paleo-Indian District is an archaeological site near Sandy Springs in Green Township, Adams County, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>Approximately 10,000 years BP, the site was repeatedly occupied by groups of Paleo-Indians, who took advantage of its location near salt springs to hunt local wildlife. Artifacts found at the site are concentrated in multiple small middens that are believed to represent individual campsites. Among these artifacts are gravers, scrapers, and projectile points.</p><br>
<p>Within a few years of the sites discovery, a 1982 report noted that it had yielded more than seventy fluted points (elsewhere identified as Clovis points), which the reports authors declared made it an example of "unusual size and complexity". Such large sites as Adams County, or "Sandy Springs" as it is also known, are rare among Paleo-Indian sites; most discoveries related to the people are isolated finds, although a comparable archaeological district known as the Welling Site has been discovered in Coshocton County, Ohio. It appears that southern Adams County was highly significant for such primitive peoples because of its geology: one of Ohio&#39;s few regions with combined shale and limestone bedrock, the Sandy Springs area is geologically similar to the Kentucky Bluegrass, making it a natural migration route for herds of animals roaming the Bluegrass. As a result, Paleo-Indian hunters learned to use the area to watch for and ambush large herds of animals, which would have been travelling slowly due to the large river.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>The Adams County Paleo-Indian Archeological District is particularly valuable as a well-preserved example of the Paleo-Indian period. It is believed that the portion of the site that has been excavated is smaller than the portion that has not yet been excavated. In recognition of its archaeological significance, the site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Approximately 175 acre is included in the landmarked area.</p><br>
<p>The Demas Adams House is a historic residence in the Columbus-area city of Worthington, Ohio, United States. Constructed for a second-generation settler, it retains an extensive degree of its original 1810s architecture, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Demas Adams, the original resident, arranged for the construction of the house in 1818 for himself and his wife, a daughter of Worthington founder James Kilbourn. By the 1850s, it had passed out of the Adams family and was home to Methodist preacher Uriah Heath, who helped to establish the Worthington Female Seminary. For more than a century, the black walnut original weatherboarding remained in place, but new siding was installed over the original in 1952.</p><br>
<p>Built in the Federal style, and divided into just three bays, the sides rise to gables with a third-story window. Chimneys are placed near the roofline, while the roof itself is shingled. Inside, the house has experienced few changes; the ash floors, fireplaces, and additional wooden elements installed at the time of construction are still present. It is the oldest of several braced-frame houses still standing in Worthington.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Adams House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its connection to Uriah Heath. It is one of more than thirty locations listed on the Register in Worthington, along with such sites as the public square in front of the house, and the Worthington Historic District that encompasses the blocks surrounding the square.</p><br>
<p>The John and Maria Adams House is a historic structure near the city of Olmsted Falls, Ohio, United States. Built in the early nineteenth century, the house was expanded throughout the following several decades, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Lemuel Hoadley of Waterbury, Connecticut brought his family to present-day Cuyahoga County in the 1810s; they were among the first settlers of Nelson Township, which took its present name of Olmsted Township in 1830. Another early resident, John Adams, married Maria Hoadley in 1820, and the oldest part of the present house was built in the same year. Multiple additions were constructed later in the century while it was the home of Olmstead Falls postmaster Arthur P. Gray. Beginning in the 1930s and continuing into the 1970s, the house was the property of a family named TeGrotenhuis, whose ancestors were part of an old New England family.</p><br>
<p>Despite its early construction date, just six years after the arrival of the areas first settlers, the partially stone Adams House is built in the Italianate style, which is much more commonly found in buildings from the later part of the century. However, the stylistic elements, including components as large as the houses tower, were entirely absent from the original building; the Italianate portions of the house were all built as part of the expansion during Arthur Gray&#39;s time as owner.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Adams House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and its place in local history. It is one of nine National Register-listed locations in and around Olmsted Falls and North Olmsted; only Fort Hill was designated earlier.</p><br>
<p>The Adams–Gray House is a historic farmhouse in the community of Adams Mills, Ohio. Constructed in the 1840s in two separate counties, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Unusually, the Adams–Gray House sits on both sides of the line dividing Coshocton County to the north and Muskingum County to the south. while a financial dispute caused most of Jefferson Township to be split off as Cass Township in the 1850s. The northern township derived its name from that of the home state of most of its pioneer settlers, Although construction began in 1840, a date reflected in an inscription above the house&#39;s entrance, the house was not completed until 1841.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of wood on a foundation of sandstone, the house is covered by aluminium siding and topped with a slate roof. Two and a half stories tall, the house is pierced by five openings on each story of the facade, with the portico-sheltered entrance replacing a window in the center of the first story, while the side features two windows in each story. To the rear, a smaller addition features dormer windows above its sole full story. The primary section of the house is covered by a gabled roof, with the gable featuring small windows and being defined by a broken pediment. As the house is set on land that rises slightly toward the rear, the entrance is placed several feet above the surrounding ground, so a set of steps provides access to the main entrance. A pair of square chimneys sits atop the peak of the roof.</p><br>
<p>The floor plan consists of rooms placed around a large hallway at the center of the house, reflecting the traditional architecture of Edward Adams native Virginia, where such a hallway provided plenty of ventilation during the hot months of summer, as well as furnishing space for the elaborately decorated staircase. Adams included ornate cast iron in the fireplaces of two of the rooms, with reliefs of Ceres holding baskets of fruit and flowers being placed on both sides of each opening, while above each opening he placed a relief depicting a scene from Byrons Mazeppa in which wolves chase a wild horse to which the naked Ivan Mazepa is bound. These sculptures&#39; origin is uncertain; they may well have been transported from an Eastern foundry with which he would have been familiar, or even imported from Europe, but Ohio metalworkers were already producing similar workmanship by this time.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1979, the Adams–Gray House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture and because of its connection to Edward Adams. which flows nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Adena Court Apartments are an apartment building in downtown Zanesville, Ohio, United States. Built in 1906,</p><br>
<p>This three-story apartment building was built for Charles M. Lenhart, a Zanesfield doctor. Born in the countryside of Muskingum County, Lenhart was a leading physician at two Zanesfield hospitals, as well as maintaining his own practice on South Fourth Street in downtown. Consequently, when he decided to erect an apartment building, it was constructed to accommodate his older property; the core of the building is Lenhart&#39;s house-and-office building. The unknown architect that he hired to design this structure employed brick for the exterior, along with details of stone and metal. With the structure complete, Lenhart and his family moved into one of the apartments, while another part of the building became his office.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Adena Court Apartments were listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of their well-preserved historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The African Jackson Cemetery is a historic cemetery in the western part of the USA state of Ohio. Formed by a colony of more than 300 freedmen from Virginia, who were freed in the will of John Randolph of Roanoke, it has been the resting place for many. Active into the 20th century, it is one of the last extant physical remnants of Rossville, a black settlement founded near the city of Piqua in the late 1840s. The cemetery is listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its connection to the history of free people of color in pre-Civil War Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1820s, Virginia planter John Randolph of Roanoke, a US Congressman, wrote a succession of wills in which he planned for the manumission of his more than 600 slaves, together with providing money to relocate the freedmen to the free state of Ohio and buy land for them. He contradicted himself in various documents and failed to provide clear direction regarding which will was to be followed. Following his death in 1833, lawsuits were quickly filed to challenge probate of his estate, and twelve years passed before the litigation was finished and his 600 slaves futures were resolved. As ultimately resolved by the courts, his will provided for his slaves emancipation and transportation to a free state, and western Ohio was chosen as their destination.</p><br>
<p>Money from Randolph&#39;s estate was used to buy 2,000 acre in Mercer County, but the area was home to the freedmen for only a short while. They left due to hostility and discrimination by the whites living in the region. Some 383 freedmen migrated southward to Miami and Shelby counties. They developed the Randolph Slave Settlement, located just north of Piqua at Rossville, as one of many rural black settlements in pre-Civil War Ohio. Within the following decade, they established their own cemetery (1866) and school (1872). In contrast to the white Baptist cemetery, which was abandoned and thoroughly derelict by 1880, their African Jackson Cemetery was active well into the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>By the early 1980s, comparatively little remained of the black settlement at Rossville; it had been absorbed by Piqua. The nearby York Rial House has been documented as the home of a prominent member of this black community. The cemetery is the chief surviving physical remainder of the community. For this reason, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and the York Rial House was added in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The James Akey Farm is a historic farmstead near the village of Mount Eaton in southeastern Wayne County, Ohio, United States. The farmhouse is primarily a sandstone structure, although with some newer elements of concrete; its roof is made of metal. A plain structure without ornate architectural details, it is a large residence that architectural historians have seen as imposing and highly proportional.</p><br>
<p>Located in a rural valley, the Akey farm is far from any other farmsteads. After a period of Amish ownership, during which most of the present outbuildings were constructed, the farm came under the ownership of the Wilderness Center, and it has accordingly been converted into a museum known as the "Stark Wilderness Center Pioneer Farm." The only Wilderness Center property in southeastern Wayne County, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, due both to its well-preserved historic architecture and its place in local history.</p><br>
<p>Akron YMCA Building is a registered historic building in Akron, Ohio, listed in the National Register on October 31, 1980. Although the YMCA is still in the building for which it is named, they no longer own the building, and now lease their space  from the owner.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1980s to early 1990s, the main portion of the center of the building underwent extensive remodeling, and now consists of 55 apartment units (some consisting of two-story "townhouse" units, including a secured two-level penthouse unit). It also has office space on the first floor and basement level, and has a secured garage in the basement of the building. Tenants of the building are not given access to the YMCA just because they are tenants; a membership must be purchased. Likewise, members of the YMCA do not have access to the apartments or offices, unless they are also leasing space.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the building was highlighted by the City of Akron, Ohio as one of seven historic landmark buildings in the City of Akron, during a year-long celebration of the history of the city.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Akron Area YMCA was founded in 1896. In the 1920s, the Akron YMCA Building was constructed, and the YMCA moved into the building. It was intended to be used as most YMCA branches were used in that era: a Christian organization that was meant to give people a place to eat, stay for short or long terms, and worship. The exercise facilities in place today were used for a variety of different reasons then, but it was originally constructed with an indoor pool which is still in use. The main part of the building was used as living space for many of its members (of both sexes), and was the only place some could turn when they had not much else.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s and 1980s, the living spaces fell further and further into disrepair, and was one of the reasons the building was sold for renovation.</p><br>
<p>Akron Fulton International Airport Administration Building is a registered historic building in Akron, Ohio, listed in the National Register on 2001-12-21.</p><br>
<p>The administration building is a significant contribution to the development of early commercial aviation in Akron. Its Art Deco architecture and its design are a good representation of the development of airports during the first major expansion of air travel in the 1920s and 1930s. The administration building is located just north of the runways and the Goodyear Airdock, which was built in 1929. The Akron City Council authorized construction of the terminal in 1930, with construction completed and the terminal opening on June 15, 1931.</p><br>
<p>The location and layout of the terminal was influenced by the City Beautiful movement, originally reached through a landscaped traffic circle and at the end of a boulevard-like parking area with lines of trees. The terminal building is in an Art Deco style, with a facade built of cream-colored brick and terra cotta detailing with cream, muted orange, and soft green colors.</p><br>
<p>The terminal served commercial air traffic until 1962, when the Akron-Canton Airport opened to the south. The customs and administrative offices continued to serve traffic from Canada, as well as small aircraft traffic, until the early 1990s. At that time, the property was sold, and the terminal was adaptively reused as Cafe Piscatelli, an Italian restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Alcazar Hotel is a historic building in the Cedar-Fairmount district of Cleveland Heights, Ohio. The hotel was built in 1923 in the Spanish-Moorish style, based on hotels such as the Alcazar and Ponce de León in St. Augustine, Florida. The interior courtyard, with a covered arcade, is decorated with colored glazed tiles and a central fountain. The architect was Harry T. Jeffery; sculpture, decorative plasterwork, and fountain was done by Fischer and Jirouch. Prominent guests included Cole Porter, George Gershwin, Mary Martin, Bob Hope, Jack Benny, Lupe Velez and Johnny Weissmueller. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 17, 1979. The Alcazar Hotel is also a Cleveland Heights Landmark.</p><br>
<p>In 1963, the hotel was sold to Western Reserve Associates, and partially converted into a retirement home, with the remainder still used as a hotel. In September 2014, the Alcazar was purchased by Kirt Montlack Ltd. for $1.3 million. The developer plans to eliminate the lodging units and convert the building to all apartments, with new kitchens and bathrooms. Interiors will be renovated and preserved. There are plans for a restaurant.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Multiple Dwelling</p><br>
<p>Hotel</p><br>
<p>The Alkire House is a historic residence in the Columbus suburb of Westerville, Ohio, United States. Constructed during the middle of the nineteenth century and used both as a residence and as a slave-smuggling safehouse, it retains much of its original fabric, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Garrit Sharp was one of the earliest settlers in Westerville. A conspicuous local Methodist, Sharp was among the pillars of the Methodist Church in the city: he gave land for the construction of its first building, and he also contributed to the establishment of the Blendon Young Men&#39;s Seminary, a predecessor institution of Otterbein University. Like other prominent Methodists, Sharp was an active participant in the Underground Railroad, helping to ferry runaway slaves from modern-day metro Columbus to a Quaker community in Morrow County to the north.</p><br>
<p>Sharp constructed the Alkire House in 1849, following plans found in a builder&#39;s handbook. Here he lived for part of his life, surrounded by family members: some of his sons lived nearby along State Street or Africa Road. Like their father, the sons were active Underground Railroad participants, and slaves would often be conveyed to any of the houses in the complex.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Alkire House is a brick building with an asphalt roof, decorated with elements of wood and stone. A chimney is constructed at each end of the main building, to which is attached a large one-story rear addition. Five bays wide, the facade features windows with shutters surrounding a central main entrance. This door is approached by a wooden porch with a distinctive balustrade under the eaves, and sidelights frame the doorway. Masonry is employed throughout the construction; the foundation mixes brick and stone, while the windows and doorways uniformly feature stone lintels.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In early 1978, the Alkire House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of fourteen National Register-listed locations citywide; among the others are several buildings associated with the Otterbein University campus as well as the home of Garrit&#39;s son Stephen Sharp, one of the Africa Road houses that was used for slave-transporting purposes.</p><br>
<p>All Souls Unitarian Universalist Church, built in 1894 in the Richardsonian Romanesque style is an historic building located at 25 Church Street in Bellville, Ohio. On January 1, 1976 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>All Souls held its first services in 1822 using circuit riders. The first meeting house was on the east side of Main Street. Official organization of the church was in 1847 and the first building of Western Reserve Italianate design was constructed near the corner of Church and Bell Streets in 1851.</p><br>
<p>The current building, a Richardsonian Romanesque style structure, was constructed in 1894-1897. D. L. Briggs of Cleveland was the architect. The sandstone came from the Cyrus Gatton Farm on Ohio Route 97, east of Bellville, and another quarry west of the village. Stones were cut to fit and the cornerstone laid in 1894. Native lumber was used for the rough structure. The fourteen stained glass windows were ordered through an importing firm in Boston and came from Germany. The building was dedicated in 1897.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>All Souls is a member church in good standing of the Unitarian Universalist Association. As of 2011, the church had 42 members.</p><br>
<p>The Allen County Courthouse is an historic courthouse building located at the corner of North Main Street & East North Street in Lima, Ohio, United States. On July 24, 1974, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Allen County was formed in 1820 and Lima was selected as the county seat. The first courthouse was a simple log structure consisting of two floors, a small hipped roof and a single chimney. The courthouse served the county until 1840 when the county realized the space was not adequate for the growing population. A contest was announced and seventeen bids were submitted. The contract was awarded to Orlando Boughton and was designed in the Classical Revival style. The amount was $13,325 and construction was underway.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was two-stories tall and was built out of brick and stone. Pilasters lined the facade between the long windows with dark shutters. The entrance was framed with four fluted Doric columns supporting a portico. A square drum rose from the roof and supported large rectangular windows capped with a dome ending in a weather vane. The tower contained a large bell which rang periodically through the years, including the 14th of April in 1865 in honor of the slain president, Abraham Lincoln.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse standing today is the county&#39;s third. It was built between 1881-1884 at a cost of $360,000 by architect George H. Maetzel. The courthouse is designed in the popular Second Empire style.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The stone foundation is smooth sandstone. The ground floor has recessed rectangular windows. The southern center pavilion projects from the facade and is flanked by mansard-roofed towers which used to be topped with windows. A statue of an eagle once topped the pediment.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is reached by a flight of stairs and a small landing leading to a story arch. The windows of the main floor are high rectangular panels, the windows on the floor above are high arched panes. Above the main entrance rises a pediment that was once topped by the statue of Justice.</p><br>
<p>The tower rises above the roof and consists of two bases stacked one on top the other. A dome with a four faced clock sits on the base. The dome narrows to a small spire.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s the courthouse was remodeled and updated. At this time the new Justice Center was built next door. The two buildings are connected by an overhead walkway. The new addition was constructed in the same colors to match the courthouse and houses a jail, several courtrooms and the sheriff&#39;s administrative offices.</p><br>
<p>The Darlon Allen House is a historic residence located near Wellington in southern Lorain County, Ohio, United States. One of the most significant farmhouses in an area known for its historically important architecture, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Built with weatherboarded walls, the Allen House rests on a brick foundation and is covered with a metal roof. Its basic plan features two large components: a single-story section with a covered porch, and a partially pedimented two-story section. Doors are set in both sections, with shuttered windows occupying much of the remaining wall space; the two-story section is divided into three bays by the door and windows, while the single-story section features spaces for three windows in addition to its door. Smaller features include narrow columns supporting the porch roof and a fanlight in the gable of the two-story section.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1830, the Darlon Allen House was built by a carpenter named Orlando Barker; among the other owners have been R.A. Horr, a Mr. Dirlam, and E.R. Allen. By the 1930s, the house had been permitted to decline greatly, but after it first gained attention from a historic site survey, the owners began to restore it. The house was the subject of a Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) study in 1937, and HABS photographer Jack Boucher documented it in 1971.</p><br>
<p>For many years, the road between Huntington Center and Wellington (now State Route 58) has possessed a reputation of architectural distinction: numerous Greek Revival farmhouses from the mid-19th century still stand on both sides of the road, giving it a historically unique built environment. Along with many of their outbuildings, these houses are among the regions best Greek Revival buildings, due in part to the areas early prosperity and long decline: after growing rapidly in its early years, Huntington Township declined after 1850, and the remaining residents continued using their older buildings instead of building new ones. In 1979, many of the houses on State Route 58 south of Wellington were listed on the National Register of Historic Places via a multiple property submission. The Allen House was among these, qualifying both because of its place in the area&#39;s history and because of its historically significant architecture; it was included because of its exceptional degree of preservation, even when compared to the other houses in this exceptionally well-preserved stretch of road. Two agricultural outbuildings were included in the designation, as well as the main house.</p><br>
<p>The Alligator Effigy Mound is an effigy mound in Granville, Ohio, United States. The mound is believed to have been built between AD 800 and 1200 by people of the Fort Ancient culture. The mound was likely a ceremonial site, as it was not used for burials.</p><br>
<p>Located on privately owned land, Alligator Mound is one of two extant effigy mounds known in the present-day state of Ohio, along with Serpent Mound in Adams County, Ohio. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1971. Effigy mounds were built more often by ancient indigenous peoples located in the areas of the present-day states of Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin than in the Ohio area, and many have survived there.</p><br>
<h2>Survey history</h2><br>
<h3>Squier and Davis: 1848</h3><br>
<p>Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis surveyed the privately held site in Granville, Ohio for the Smithsonian Institution and reported their findings in their 1848 publication Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. They described the site as "strange." They report the location of the work as being 150 to 200 feet in height. They note that people in the area called it "the alligator," "although the figure bears as a close resemblance to the lizard as any other reptile." The head of the effigy points towards the southwest. The work totaled 250 feet in length from head to tail. The body was noted at 40 feet wide, and each leg was measured at 36 feet. They describe the ends of the paws as being "a little broader than the remaining portions of the same, as if the spread of those toes had been originally indicated."</p><br>
<p>Squier and Davis note that the head, shoulders and rump of the effigy are higher than the rest of the body. The height of the mound ranges from four feet to six feet. In the middle of the effigy was a small mound, which they believed was used as an altar. Stones covered the altar, with marks from being lit on fire in the past. A graded way was made from the altar to the "top of the effigy." The graded way is ten feet wide. They note evidence of excavation in parts of the effigy with little disturbance to the site. Through excavation they determined that the site is made of clay and that the clay had been imported from another area. They also noted that no historical excavation, made by the creators of the effigy, was found in the region.</p><br>
<p>They examine the headland where the mound is built. They describe it as a "beautifully rounded spur of land," and question if the site was rounded by humans to create such a rounded place. During their visit, they also noticed that damage had been done to the headland. They note that other earthworks can be seen from the top of the headland, specifically those in the Newark group.</p><br>
<p>After their survey, Squier and Davis concluded that the site was used for sacrifices or "on stated or extraordinary occasions,".</p><br>
<h3>Lepper and Frolking: 1999</h3><br>
<p>In 1999 Brad Lepper and Tod A. Frolking conducted a professional archaeological investigation of the mound. By radiometric dating of a piece of charcoal recovered from the base of the mound, they estimate its construction to have been 1,000 years BP (about AD 950). Lepper suggests that the Alligator Mound is an effigy of an underwater panther, a powerful figure in Native American myth. He thinks that early European settlers misinterpreted what Native Americans told them about the effigy. They were told that it was a fierce creature that lived in the water and ate people, which they assumed to be an alligator.</p><br>
<p>Alta Public Library is a historic library building in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. Designed by noted New York City architect George B. Post, the building  was an addition to the existing Alta House, a settlement house for the Italian American community in Cleveland. Although Alta House burned in 1980 and was demolished in 1981, the library survived undamaged.</p><br>
<p>The Alta Public Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of Alta House and the Alta Public Library</h2><br>
<p>In 1895, billionaire oilman John D. Rockefeller, Sr. agreed to fund the construction of a settlement house consisting of a kindergarten and day care nursey in the Little Italy area of Cleveland, Ohio. It was named Alta House, in honor of Rockefeller&#39;s daughter, Alta. Charles W. Hopkinson, a noted local architect, was commissioned to design the building, which opened in 1899.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, Rockefeller agreed to fund the expansion of Alta House to include a gym, library, and swimming pool. George B. Post designed the Neoclassical addition to Alta House as well as the library. The library opened on February 10, 1914.</p><br>
<h2>Fire and loss of Alta House</h2><br>
<p>A fire struck the Alta House portion of the complex on June 22, 1980, doing $40,000 ($ in dollars) in damage. A second fire on July 1 caused $8,000 ($ in dollars) in damages. although over time an electrical fault was found to be the cause of the first fire. Arsonists struck the building again twice more in the following weeks, although each blaze was small. The cumulative effect of the fires was to force Alta House programs to use the Alta Public Library building for programming.</p><br>
<p>City officials determined that the damage to Alta House was too extensive, and condemned the structure on November 12, 1980. Alta House officials decided to tear down the structure after determining that the cost of repairs would be more than $1 million ($ in dollars), and that no company would insure the structure. Only the main building was razed, saving the Alta House swimming pool and gymnasium. The Alta Public Library was undamaged.</p><br>
<p>A new structure to house Alta House opened in May 1982. This consisted of a much smaller building (essentially a wing of the library), two stories in height. Bocce courts replaced much of the site of the old building.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, the Alta Public Library received a major refurbishment. Overseen by Cleveland architect Joseph Linek, the $1.6 million ($ in dollars) renovation (partially funded by $240,000 ($ in dollars) in historic preservation tax credits) included conservation, restoration, and refurbishment of the original oak floors, window wells, windows, and cornice brickwork. The Cleveland Montessori School joined the library in taking up residence in the renovated structure.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Rice Ames House is a historic residence in the city of Belpre, Ohio, United States. Built in 1843 in the Greek Revival style of architecture,</p><br>
<p>Charles Rice Ames contracted with local builder Daniel Fischer to construct his house in the 1840s. Fischers design was a two-story structure, and frame walls. The floor plan of the residence is composed of a rectangular central section, plus wings on each side that project 15 ft from the center. Among the distinctive architectural features of the house are pediments and gables on the facade. Years after serving as Ames home, the house was owned by Roger and Carol Lynn Patton.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the Ames House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying for the Register because of its historic architecture, which was seen as significant throughout the local area. It is one of four Belpre locations on the Register, along with the Sixth Street Railroad Bridge, the Captain Jonathan Stone House, and Spencer&#39;s Landing.</p><br>
<p>Anderson Schoolhouse is a registered historic building near Ashland, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 1977-03-25. It is located at 1202 US 42 South, in Milton Township, Ashland County, Ohio. It was known as the No. 5 district out of seven in the township.</p><br>
<p>It is the only one-room schoolhouse in Ashland County and the only building in Milton Township on the National Register. In 1976 a restoration committee researched the schoolhouse and completed the application process for the National Register. Mrs. Carlton (Ruth) Emmons served as chairman of this committee with Mrs. Joe (Lois) Oberholtzer as secretary, John Rowe as treasurer, and Harry (Bill) Fox, Robert Frey, and Mrs. Robert Thompson as members.</p><br>
<p>The land for the schoolhouse was given from the farm of Albert Fike,</p><br>
<p>A brick structure with a slate roof and locally quarried stone was built on this site in 1889. It has an addition on the back and electricity, but it still does not have indoor plumbing. The original bell is missing.</p><br>
<p>The 1938-39 school year was the last time students were taught in the Anderson Schoolhouse because the school consolidated into Ashland City School District.</p><br>
<p>Two Ashland University education professors, Dr. Jason Ellis and Dr. Carla Abreu-Ellis, purchased the house from Emmons in September 2014. The restored, one-room school now serves as a museum, “providing immersive living history experiences to children of all ages.” Field trips allow school children, who are encouraged to wear period clothing, to reenact a nineteenth-century school day.</p><br>
<p>Judge William Shaw Anderson House is a building in Austintown, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 1976-03-17. It is also known as the "Strock Stone House."</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Single Dwelling</p><br>
<h3>History of the Strock Stone house</h3><br>
<h4>1831 to 1890</h4><br>
<p>The Judge William Shaw Anderson house, also known as the Strock Stone House, was built in 1831 of huge blocks of sandstone, some weighing as much as 750 pounds, quarried from Stony Ridge on South Turner Road in Austintown.</p><br>
<p>The 1921 publication, History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley, says the Strock Stone house was built in 1830 by William McClure. However, the first residents were William Strock and his family. Strock was born June 12, 1801 to Joseph Strock and Betsy Bensinger Strock in Tyrone Township, Pennsylvania. Strock&#39;s entire family migrated to Austintown in 1813 or 1815. The Strocks settled in the southern part of Austintown township near the Smiths Corner area. William became a carpenter and married Lydia Crum. The couple had three children, two of whom died as infants. In 1830, Strock bought 87 acre of land in Great Lot 8, Township 2, Range 3 of the Western Reserve from John Jordan and had McClure build the house there.</p><br>
<p>In 1851, Strock sold the house and the accompanying 108 acre to Francis Henry. Henry was active in the Restoration (reformed Baptist) movement. The Strock Stone house was reputedly a stop on the Underground Railroad that smuggled fugitive slaves to safety in Canada. This claim has yet to be proven, but some evidence appears to support it. Austintown was listed in Galbreaths History of Ohio as part of the path of the Underground Railroad that included "Salineville, New Lisbon, Canfield, Austintown, Edinburgh, Warren, Bloomfield, Rome, Lenox, Austinburg, Ashtabula Harbor." William Strocks brother, John Henry Strock, was described as one of the first abolitionists in Mahoning County. Additionally, Francis Henry appears on William Seiberts 1898 list of known underground railroad operators in Mahoning County. Finally, Heffelfingers unpublished History of Meander says that slaves were hidden in a tunnel that connected the house basement with the barn. Henry lived in the Strock Stone house with his wife, Mary, and their four children.</p><br>
<p>In 1863, Henry sold the Strock Stone house to David Anderson. Anderson was a native of Derry, Northern Ireland who immigrated to Philadelphia in 1831 or 1832. According to the History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley, Anderson worked setting curbstones for five years in Philadelphia. While in Philadelphia, he met Jonathan Wick who brought him to Brookfield area in 1839. Anderson and Wick eventually opened a store, Anderson and Wick, in Austintown. In 1843, Anderson opened a general store in Jackson Township, which he operated for 37 years. The 1870 census listed David Anderson as the wealthiest man in Austintown Township with a real estate value of $42,000 and a personal estate value of $24,570.</p><br>
<p>Anderson and his wife, Hannah L. Shaw Anderson, had four children including William Shaw Anderson, David Fitch Anderson, Julia E. Anderson, and Margaret J. "Maggie" Anderson. After Hannah died of an accidental fall in 1879, Anderson reportedly let the Strock Stone house fall into disrepair. Donald Heffelfinger&#39;s unpublished History of the Meander says that Anderson moved to a nearby frame house that was built during the American Civil War. The Strock Stone house became an animal shelter.</p><br>
<h4>1890 to present</h4><br>
<p>In 1890, David Anderson&#39;s oldest son, William Shaw Anderson, acquired the property from his father. The younger Anderson originally used the Strock Stone house as a summer home. Anderson, who lived in the house from 1890–1925, was a prominent lawyer and judge in the Youngstown Court of Common Pleas. Anderson reportedly entertained President William McKinley at the house.</p><br>
<p>Anderson and his wife, Louise Shields Anderson, had four children: Blanche Anderson, William Noble Anderson, Randall H. Anderson, and Anna Anderson. Anderson restored the house and expanded it between 1912 and 1918. This addition included the sun porch, dining room, and dinette on first floor, three bedrooms and a bath on the second floor, and an enlarged cellar. Anderson also added central heat. Other buildings on the property at this time included three barns, a pump house, a poultry house, a bull barn, a log house, a milk house, an ice house, a tool house, a tool shop and a corn crib.</p><br>
<p>Andersons children, Randall H. and Blanche Anderson, acquired the Strock Stone house upon their fathers death in 1925. In 1929, they sold the house and lands to the Mahoning Valley Sanitary District (MVSD). The house served as the residence for the Chief Engineer of the MVSD until 1985.</p><br>
<h3>The Strock Stone House today</h3><br>
<p>The Austintown Historical Society maintains the Strock Stone House with help from the Mahoning Valley Sanitary District. The Society maintains and furnishes the interior using period rugs and furniture donated by residents of Austintown including a slave quilt from South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The display includes a collection of antique washing machines in the basement. The parlor contains antique furniture including an organ. One bedroom of the Strock Stone House contains period childrens games and clothing. Another room is set up as a ladys bedroom with antique clothes including a wedding dress, coats, bloomers, purses, woolen swimsuits, and a Depression sheet made from sugar sacks. The third bedroom, the mans bedroom, includes appropriate male furnishings including a mans shirt with a removable celluloid collar and collar keeper, a trunk circa 1890 from London, a wooden suitcase from Germany, and lift top commode. The fourth room, the quilting room, is furnished with an antique quilt rack complete with an antique quilt cover in the process of being made, a treadle sewing machine, a yarn winder, and a wooden ironing board accompanied by eight metal irons. The fifth bedroom, the office, includes an antique printing press, two 1920 Remington typewriters on an antique desk, five ledger books dated 1901 from local grocery stores, antique books, and pictures of early businesses in Austintown.</p><br>
<p>The back porch is arranged as a summer kitchen and includes an enamel top table; a Hoosier cabinet; an enamel wood fired stove; an antique enamel sink; antique dishes, cooking utensils and bake ware; pressure cookers and canning jars; and vintage spice and storage containers.</p><br>
<p>The house is open for free guided tours the first Sunday of every month from 1-4 and by appointment for other times.</p><br>
<p>The Levi Anderson House is a historic house in Union Township, Ross County, Ohio, United States. Located along Anderson Station Road west of the city of Chillicothe,</p><br>
<p>The oldest (rear) part of the house was built in 1826; its first resident appears to have been William Robinson, who participated in the first settlement of Ross County in 1795. A veteran of the last military conflict between whites and Native Americans in Ross County, he bought approximately 300 acre of land surrounding the present house and built a log cabin on the property, becoming Union Townships first settler. The property was purchased by Levi Anderson in 1838, who arranged for the expansion of the house and the embellishment of its interior. Responsible for the interior improvements was Levis brother Gershon Anderson; he crafted detailed woodworking, which remains to the present day.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is a brick structure, covered with weatherboarding; it rests on a foundation of sandstone and is ornamented by elements of wood and stone. Many original elements of the house survive, qualifying it for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved historic architecture. It was added to the Register in late 1976, both because of its architecture and because of its place in local exploration and settlement.</p><br>
<p>The Anna Town Hall is a historic brick town hall in Anna, Ohio, United States. Built in 1880,</p><br>
<p>Although the first settlers in the vicinity of modern Anna arrived in 1833, the village was started a quarter century later; it was platted in 1858 by landowner John W. Carey and named for his daughter, Anna Carey. Shortly after the village incorporated in 1877, the need for a community government building became apparent, and the present structure was erected on the main road from the canal town of Minster to a rail line operated by a predecessor of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. In recognition of its place in local history and of its well-preserved historic architecture, the Anna Town Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Adelphi Mill is the only surviving historic mill in Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland. It is the oldest and largest mill in the Washington, D.C. area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Adelphi Mill and Storehouse is located on the Northwest Branch of the Anacostia River at 8401 & 8402 Riggs Road in Adelphi, Maryland. It was built in 1796, and originally operated by two brothers, Issacher and Mahlon Schofield. It was given the name "Adelphi" after the original land patent title. The mill was used to both grind grain and to card wool. In the early-19th century, ships came up the Northwest Branch to deliver raw goods and pickup finished materials. In the mid-19th century, the mill was part of the Green Hill estate of George Washington Riggs and renamed Riggs Mill. The mill was operated by the Freeman family until 1916. In the early 1920s, it became part of the Langley Park estate of Leander McCormick-Goodhart. In 1950, Mr. McCormick-Goodhart transferred the mill and surrounding 34 acre to the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC). The mill was subsequently restored and reopened in 1954, as a community center with the old machinery and grinding wheels on display. It is also known as the Adelphi Mill Recreation Center, M-NCPPC. Also on this property is the small stone storehouse built into the slope on the opposite side of the road at 8401 Riggs Road."</p><br>
<p>The Antwerp Norfolk and Western Depot is a historic former train station in the village of Antwerp in the far western portion of the USA state of Ohio. Built in 1880 by the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway, Its roof features a distinctively large overhang.</p><br>
<p>When the depot was built, Antwerp was the largest community in Paulding County, due to an active logging industry. Accordingly, the depot was built to be larger than most train stations in small northwestern Ohio communities. Inside, the station is divided into several distinct areas: freight, ordinary passengers, mail and express packaging, and internal railroad offices each possess their own rooms. Other than its size, the depot is typical of late nineteenth-century train stations in northwestern Ohio, which frequently served as commercial hubs for their communities.</p><br>
<p>After the station closed in 1976, the Antwerp Historical Society purchased it from the Norfolk and Western Railway; having no use for the station, the railroad asked the society to relocate it, and the depot was moved to its present location, approximately 200 ft to the west of its original site. Four years later, the depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both because of its distinctive architecture and because of its significance in local history. This designation is unusual, for buildings that have been moved from their original locations are not normally eligible for inclusion on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Archwood Avenue Historic District is a historic residential district in the Brooklyn Centre neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Composed of houses constructed around the turn of the twentieth century, it has been one of the neighborhood&#39;s most important streets since it was established, and it was designated a historic district in 1987.</p><br>
<p>When South Brooklyn was first platted, Archwood Avenue was included as one of the villages side streets. Lots along Archwood were larger than those along other streets, and the street itself was atypically wide, so the villages largest original houses were built along the street. Although South Brooklyn was annexed as Clevelands Old Brooklyn neighborhood in 1894, Archwood retained its significant place in the neighborhood. The streets built environment is variable: late nineteenth-century styles such as Colonial Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne are all found in the district.</p><br>
<p>Rather than being concentrated in separate pockets, the styles are mixed together: in one block, a two-story Italianate house is placed between a two-story Queen Anne and a three-story Queen Anne on a corner lot. Five of the neighborhood&#39;s residences, known as the William Coates, Weldon Davis, Oscar Kroehle, Adam Poe, and Charles Selzer Houses, are the premier buildings within the district, while a pair of apartment buildings at the 33rd Street intersection are distinguished by two separate facades with ornamental entrances.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, Archwood Avenue was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to the integrity of its historic architecture. Covering 13 acre, the district includes 57 different buildings, all of which qualified for consideration as contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>Archwood Congregational Church is a church located at 2800 Archwood Avenue in the Clark-Fulton neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. The structure is the home of the Archwood United Church of Christ, one of the oldest Christian congregations in Cleveland. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Congregational Church of Brooklyn was founded in 1819. It was affiliated with both the Congregational church movement and the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. In 1867, the congregation had grown large enough to no longer need the support of the Presbyterian diocese, and it affiliated fully with the Congregationalists. The congregation&#39;s first permanent place of worship was a wood frame structure built about 1830 near the intersection of Pearl Road and Willowdale Avenue. It was moved to the intersection of Liberty Street (now W. 33rd Street) and Newburgh Road (now Denison Avenue) in 1851.</p><br>
<p>In 1879, the congregation constructed a brick church in the Late Gothic Revival style at the intersection of Greenwood Avenue (now Archwood Avenue) and Pearl Street (2794 Greenwood Avenue). This structure fell into disrepair, and by 1925 the congregation had grown so much that the 1,100 members approved construction of a new church building.</p><br>
<p>The new building, erected at 2800 Greenwood Avenue next to the existing structure, was designed by local architect Daniel Farnham in the Colonial Revival style. It was completed in 1929. The 1879 building was then razed.</p><br>
<p>The Arledge Mounds are a pair of Native American mounds in the south central part of the USA state of Ohio. Located near Circleville in Pickaway County,</p><br>
<p>Most unusual is the proximity of the mounds to each other — while many groups of mounds are known in Ohio, they are not typically connected at the base as these two mounds are; only the Arledge Mounds and the McMurray Mounds, which straddled the border between Franklin and Madison counties, are known to have been conjoined. Although these mounds have not been excavated, archaeologists have proposed that they were built by the Adena culture, who are known to have built the McMurray Mounds.</p><br>
<p>As undisturbed works of the Adena or some other mound building culture, the Arledge Mounds are potentially a valuable archaeological site. In recognition of this fact, they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 the site was privately donated to The Archaeological Conservancy and renamed the Adams Archaeological Preserve.</p><br>
<p>The Jewelers Building at 15-17 Wabash Avenue between East Monroe and East Madison Streets in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States was built in 1881-1882 and was designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan. It is the only example of the early work of Adler & Sullivan that survives in the Loop. It is also known as the Iwan Ries Building, and the "Little" Jewelers Building to distinguish from the larger structure at 35 East Wacker Drive, which was built in 1925-27.</p><br>
<p>The building is a common loft building in construction and plan, but its facade departs dramatically from others of its type. An open exterior, using cast iron mullions rather than masonry piers in the central bay, and Sullivan&#39;s stylized floral ornament provide distinction.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 7, 1974, and was designated a Chicago Landmark on December 18, 1981. It is located in Chicago&#39;s Jewelers Row District.</p><br>
<p>The Armory-Latisona Building  is a historic armory on South Main Street in Lima, Ohio, United States. Built in 1896, it features a Victorian variant of the Romanesque Revival style of architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>After the discovery of petroleum in the vicinity of Lima in 1885, the citys population grew greatly, and the construction of commercial buildings along South Main Street proceeded at a rapid pace. Accompanying these new buildings in the southern Kibby Corners neighborhood were large numbers of frame houses erected as homes for the workers in the citys burgeoning industrial enterprises.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Today, much of South Main Street and Kibby Corners languish in a state of decay. Many abandoned buildings have been demolished by the city government, and community areas such as parks and streetsides are becoming less attractive as a result of a lack of proper maintenance. Two exceptions to this process of decay are the Armory-Latisona Building and the adjacent Lima Cleaning and Pressing Company Building; these two historic buildings have been identified as key to the area&#39;s historic nature.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Armory-Latisona Building and the Lima Cleaning and Pressing Company Building were two of seventeen buildings in Lima that were added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the "Lima Multiple Resource Area." The former armory&#39;s architectural integrity was key to its inclusion in this group of properties.</p><br>
<p>The Armstrong Farm, also known as the Reber Farm, is a historic farm complex near Upper Sandusky in Crane Township, Wyandot County, Ohio, United States. Known for its association with Thomas V. Reber, a longtime president of the Wyandot County Agricultural Society, it was built in 1830.</p><br>
<p>The farmhouse, which is the central building on the farmstead, is a vernacular structure built of brick with a gabled roof of shingles. The original foundation, constructed of dry stone, has been shored up by modern concrete, although the original foundation is still visible at certain points. Among the other buildings on the property are a small summer kitchen and two garages, located just south and west of the house.</p><br>
<p>When the Armstrong Farm was founded, significant numbers of Wyandots still lived on a reservation in the vicinity of Upper Sandusky; the farm&#39;s early inhabitants were distinguished by their relations with the Wyandots.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, the Armstrong Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for inclusion because of its place in local history, because of its connection to the leading Reber and Armstrong families, and because of its unusually well-preserved historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Arnold Homestead is a historic homestead in the city of Huber Heights, a suburb of Dayton, Ohio, United States. Formed at the turn of the nineteenth century, it centers on an 1830s farmhouse that was built for an immigrant family from Virginia</p><br>
<p>A native of present-day West Virginia, Daniel Arnold sold his farm and brought his wife Catherine and five children to settle in present-day Huber Heights in the early nineteenth century. Members of the Dunkard Brethren Church, they typified the German immigrant church&#39;s gradual movement westward as it gradually integrated with American society. After renting land over their first winter, Arnold bought the present farmstead from Henry Harshberger and occupied it for the remnant of his life. The family used a log cabin during their first years at the site before significantly improving their lives by constructing the present house in 1835.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick, the farmhouse rests on a stone foundation, is topped by an asphalt roof, and features additional elements of wood and asphalt. The basic plan is a simple two-story rectangle, wider than its length, with windowless ends that rise to chimney-topped gables. An extension, most of the width of the house, is attached to the rear, while a porch occupies the ell. Three windows pierce the second story on the facade, while the main entrance sits at the center of the first story between one window on either side. A small porch with a shed roof shelters the entrance. Besides the farmhouse, the complex includes a cemetery and six outbuildings, including the original log cabin and a bank barn.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Arnold farmstead is the core of Carriage Hill MetroPark. The farmhouse is operated as a historic house museum, staffed by individuals costumed as nineteenth-century farmers, while other parts of the farmstead are operated for ancillary purposes. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, qualifying both because of its place in local history and because of Daniel Arnolds significance in the areas settlement. It is one of four Huber Heights locations on the Register, along with the Ausenbaugh-McElhenny House, the Taylorsville Canal Inn, and Lock Seventy on the Miami and Erie Canal.</p><br>
<p>Located south of Laurel in Prince George&#39;s County, Maryland, United States, Montpelier Mansion is a five-part, Georgian style plantation house most likely constructed between 1781 and 1785. It has also been known as the Snowden-Long House, New Birmingham, or simply Montpelier.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970, primarily for its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Richard Snowden originally migrated to America in 1658 from Birmingham, England, where his family had settled for many years after originating in Wales. Richard the immigrant had a son, Richard Junior (1719–1753), who had a son, Richard the "iron master" (d. 1763). Richard the iron master acquired much wealth through an iron forge, mining local iron. so called because of his service in the American Revolution. Major Thomas married Anne Ridgely, who was raised at an earlier estate named Montpelier in Fulton, Maryland, and built the Mansion circa 1783.</p><br>
<p>Their son Nicholas Snowden, who had been born at the mansion in 1786, was its next owner, until he died in 1831. (His son Nicholas N. Snowden, also born at the mansion, became a farmer next to Avondale Mill, and died at Manassas while serving in the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA.) The home then passed to Nicholas daughter Julianna Maria who married Dr. Theodore Jenkins there in 1835. Dr. Jenkins died in 1866 and upon Mrs. Jenkins later death, the mansion passed to her children who kept ownership in the family until 1890. The home was later owned by speculative investors W.P. Davis and Martin W. Chollar. In 1895, it was sold to Josephine D. Taylor of New York as a summer home. Its title went to Lewis H. Blakeman of New York in 1900, then to New York writer Edmund H. Pendleton who lived there from 1905 until his death in 1910, having made it his winter home. Pendleton&#39;s estate sold the mansion to Otto V. von Schrader in 1911.</p><br>
<p>After a succession of other owners, mansion ownership transferred in 1928 to Breckinridge Long, Undersecretary of State under Franklin D. Roosevelt and United States Ambassador to Italy from 1933 to 1936. Longs daughter Christine L. Willcox, the mansions last private owner, donated the property to the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission in 1961. It was shown to the public as part of the USA Bicentennial celebrations in 1976. The same year, a barn budgeted to become a public arts center was destroyed by arson. The Mansion was renovated in the 1980s with funds from a state grant. The historic home was opened as a public tourist attraction in 1985, reflecting its ownership by Nicholas Snowden in 1830. The mansion can be rented for conferences and weddings and the grounds serve as a cultural center, hosting special exhibitions and performances.</p><br>
<h2>Famous visitors</h2><br>
<p>Abigail Adams</p><br>
<p>Franklin D. Roosevelt</p><br>
<p>George Washington, at least twice (May and September 1787) on his way to and from Philadelphia as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention</p><br>
<p>Martha Washington, on the way to her husband&#39;s first presidential inauguration in 1789</p><br>
<p>Woodrow Wilson</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Montpelier is a five-part Georgian country house with a central block and flanking end pavilions connected to the main block by hyphens. The two-story central block has a five-bay elevation, with a projecting three-bay pavilion topped by a pediment. The hipped roof features large projecting chimneys emerging about halfway up the roofline. The front and rear doors are similar in character, with flanking pilasters and an open pediment The interior features carved woodwork. The paneling in the drawing room conceals a secret doorway leading to a set of stairs.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, the house was set in formal gardens. Three terraces were outlined in boxwood hedges and arranged as an allée. A boxwood maze near the south wing was stated to be more than 200 years old. Most of the boxwood hedges have since been removed. A hexagonal eighteenth century summerhouse is located at the end of the allée.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Track is a half-mile  harness racing track in Goshen, New York. It was opened in 1838 and has been in operation ever since, the oldest continuously operated horse racing track in North America.</p><br>
<p>Informal horse races had been held along neighboring Main Street (now part of NY 207) since the 1750s. The current track site was first used in 1838 when a ⅓-mile (530 m) circle around a circus ground near the south end of the track was cleared and prepared for regular racing. Later it would be succeeded by an oval track perpendicular to the current one, then a long square track around the whole site, until the current track was built in 1873.</p><br>
<p>Regular events were held at the track until the late 1970s, when the parimutuel machines were taken out. Today the track operates a limited but intense season every summer on Sundays in June, followed by a series of races between June 30 and July 4.</p><br>
<p>It is a contributing property to the Church Park Historic District. The Harness Racing Museum & Hall of Fame (run by a separate organization) is located nearby.</p><br>
<p>Goshen Central High School holds its annual graduation ceremony in front of the Historic Track grandstands, which seat 2,200 fans.</p><br>
<p>In 2017 a fire, possibly started in the blacksmith&#39;s shop, destroyed some of the barns and stables on the property. The horses housed in them were saved; the blaze did not affect the grandstand or any of the other buildings on the property.</p><br>
<p>The Wyckoff House, or Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House is located at 5816 Clarendon Road in the Canarsie area of Brooklyn. The house itself is located in Milton Fidler Park. The house was one of several ordered built by Wouter Van Twiller before he was recalled to Holland by 1640. The house is estimated to have been built ca. 1638, making it the oldest surviving example of a Dutch saltbox frame house in America, and it was one of the first structures built by Europeans on Long Island. The majority of the current structure was added in the 19th century, with the small kitchen section dating back to the 18th century. Only a small section remains from 1638.</p><br>
<p>It is situated on land that Wouter van Twiller purchased from the local Lenape people in approximately 1636. (Europeans often referred to the native inhabitants simply by the Lenape language place name for the larger area: "Canarsie", in this case)</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1967.</p><br>
<p>It is owned by New York City but is operated by The Wyckoff House & Association.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that the majority of Americans with the name Wyckoff (or its variations) descend from Pieter (Claessen) Wyckoff from this house. Pieter Claessen was forced to adopt a surname after 1664 and chose "Wyckoff," the place name of an estate near Marienhafe, Ostfriesland, where he, as an orphan, may have occupied a sleeping cupboard. At that time there were no other known Wyckoffs in America. Some 60 known variations of the name appeared between 1790 and 1900.</p><br>
<p>Elkanah Watson House is a National Historic Landmark located in Port Kent, New York. The formal stone house overlooks Lake Champlain to the east and was designed by Sheldon & Merritt. It was constructed under the supervision of Charles Watson as the residence of his father, Elkanah Watson. It originally occupied a small portion of Watson&#39;s 5,000-acre property on the lake, but pieces were later sold off and have been developed for other residences.</p><br>
<p>The senior Watson was a Revolutionary-era diplomat, founder of the agricultural fair, which he developed to stimulate competition and best practices, with activities for women and children; a banker and businessman, and an early promoter of canals in New York State. He occupied the house in May 1828 and also operated a farm on his property. The house was later the residence of Winslow C. Watson, one of his sons and a historian who completed Elkanah&#39;s autobiography. Elkanah Watson is buried in the family cemetery located near the house. Most outbuildings from the time the property was a working farm have been removed.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The house is owned privately and used as a residence; it is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The house is located on the southwest corner of Lake Street and South Street in Port Kent.</p><br>
<p>Arrowston is a historic estate in the city of Piqua, Ohio, United States. Built at the end of the nineteenth century for a local industrialist, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>As the president of the Favorite Stove and Range Company, William K. Boal headed Piqua&#39;s largest industrial employer during the Gilded Age and early twentieth century. He and his wife arranged for the construction of the house at Arrowston in 1887, but it was only home to them for about a decade: Mrs. Boal was deeply shaken by the death of one of their sons and no longer desired to live in their mansion, and they moved to a residence in central Piqua in 1898. Later owners expanded the property in 1929, creating a large estate around the house: the newly expanded property included the construction of a lake and canal, as well as extensive other landscape architecture. No major changes have been made to the landscaping since 1929.</p><br>
<p>Arrowston&#39;s main house is a three-story building in the Georgian Revival style of architecture. Numerous Neoclassical influences are obvious, ranging from grand themes to small details: the careful symmetry of the whole design, its size in comparison to its surroundings, and the hip roof are typical of the style, as are details such as its ornate cornice, the pilasters, and the conventional double-hung windows. Both weatherboarding and brick are employed in the walls, which rest on a stone foundation and support a tiled roof. Multiple dormers rise from the walls: the eaves at the bottom of the roof extend past the walls, which in some points are extended above the roof, causing the latter to appear notched. Numerous windows are equipped with shutters, while the roof is gabled. Large chimneys form the highest points of the house.</p><br>
<p>Today, Arrowston is surrounded by modern subdivisions, but its extensive landscaping distinguish it easily from the newer neighborhoods around it. Its design is significant to the point that it has been given federal historic site status, being listed on the National Register of Historic Places in early 1980 because of its architecture; besides the house, the designation embraces seven outbuildings and a pair of related structures. It is one of four National Register-listed locations in Piqua, along with the Fort Piqua Hotel, the Piqua High School, and the Piqua-Caldwell Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Ashtabula County Courthouse Group is a registered historic district in Jefferson, Ohio, listed in the National Register on 1975-06-30.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ashtabula County Courthouse Group is a cluster of buildings built at various times in the history of the county. The center of the district and the oldest building is the 1850 courthouse designed in the popular Italianate style so prevalent in the Victorian era. The courthouse was once the only building in this group, but the increasing population and confined spaces forced the county to develop the area into a judicial and administrative campus.</p><br>
<p>Ashtabula County was settled around 1796 and was part of the Connecticut Western Reserve of the Northwest Territory. The county was officially established by the Ohio General Assembly in 1807 with the county seat located in Jefferson. A courthouse was constructed around the same time and was completed in 1811. The building was two stories high and was a simple brick structure. This building lasted until 1836 when it was razed for the construction of a new courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The second courthouse was designed by architect Willis Smith from Kinsman. The structure is basically the same in appearance as the courthouse still standing. A fire burnt some of the structure in 1850 and it was rebuilt mostly true to the original design, although the dormers piercing the roofline were removed. It was around this time that the row house known as Lawyers Row was built.</p><br>
<p>The growing population soon demanded a more spacious courthouse and instead of demolishing the 1850 courthouse, a new one was built to house the probate court in 1870, while the county courts and administration remained in the old courthouse.</p><br>
<p>In 1960 the county was again faced with the challenge of providing more room for the county government. The county decided on building a new structure. This new courthouse is a glass and masonry building with a Justice Center addition built in the 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The district contains 4 contributing buildings:</p><br>
<h3>Old Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>The courthouse is located at the corner of North Chestnut and West Jefferson Streets and was completed in 1850. The building was built on the framework of an earlier courthouse from 1836 which was destroyed by a fire. The courthouse is designed in the Italianate style and is built with red brick and stone. Long rectangle windows with white trim dot the walls. The hipped roof contains several dromers for extra light to the top floor. A tower projects from the facade on Jefferson Street and houses the entrance framed by four columns with exaggerated bulbous bases. The tower is crowned with a decorative cap consisting of spires and a mansard roof. The courthouse once housed all of the county offices but after several additions the courthouse houses the county administrative offices. The County Commissioners now use old Probate Courtroom for an office and hearing room.</p><br>
<h3>New Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>An addition is located behind the courthouse and was built in 1960 by architects Kujala and Koski. The building is built with red brick with white window and door trim matching the original courthouse. This building is now considered as the official county courthouse.</p><br>
<h3>Justice Center</h3><br>
<p>Around the same time the International style Justice Center was also constructed on the property. The Justice Center houses the police departments and sheriff offices. The building is also built with red brick with white door and window trim, with a projected entrance tower. The tower is three stories and is topped with an arched roof with large rectangular windows to illuminate the entrance bay below. Large glass walls connect the entrance projection to the rest of the building. The flat roof is hidden behind a solid balustrade.</p><br>
<h3>Lawyers Row</h3><br>
<p>A long building rests beside the old courthouse and divides the property in half. This building is known as Lawyers Row and resembles a train station. The building is white painted wood construction with large windows and deep overhanging eaves with brackets. A "boardwalk" spans the entire length of the building connecting the offices together.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Professional</p><br>
<p>Courthouse</p><br>
<p>The Ashtabula Harbour Commercial District is a historic district in the northern section of the city of Ashtabula, Ohio, United States. Comprising a commercial section near the city&#39;s Lake Erie waterfront, the district includes buildings constructed largely in the late nineteenth century, at which time Ashtabula was a flourishing port city.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings in the district were constructed between 1865 and 1878, although occasional buildings were erected in the early 1900s. The districts area has long been commercial; from its earliest years, the street running through the district was known as Bridge Street, because it terminates at a bridge spanning the Ashtabula River. Until it became part of the city of Ashtabula in the 1870s, Ashtabula Harbour was a separate municipality (it lies two miles north of the citys downtown), and Bridge Street its commercial sector. The area&#39;s buildings vary greatly in appearance, with some surpassing others by several feet. Designs include examples of the Italianate, Queen Anne, and Neoclassical styles, while the construction materials are primarily brick with occasional frame structures.</p><br>
<p>The Ashtabula Harbour Commercial District was designated in 1975 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places at the same time, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its place in area history; it gained this designation largely because it retains its late nineteenth-century appearance as a flourishing harbors business district. Seventy-five contributing properties are located within the districts boundaries. In 1978, the city government created the Ashtabula Harbor Historical District, a substantially larger area including numerous residential streets as well as the federally designated commercial street. Since 2010, the city districts boundaries have extended from the river bridge to Lake Avenue and from Morton Drive along the river to the Walnut Beach Park on the lake. City ordinance forbids exterior alterations to buildings in the federally designated district unless the owner has first completed a process of gaining approval from the citys historic preservation review board.</p><br>
<p>The Ashville Depot is a small former train station in the village of Ashville in Pickaway County, Ohio, United States. A simple weatherboaded building that was constructed in 1876, it was once the commercial center of the area.</p><br>
<p>Ashville was a railroad town that was founded at the intersection of a railroad line and a leading rural road. As the connecting point between the two modes of transportation, its train station was a central part of the life of the village and of the surrounding Harrison Township. In 1876, the short-lived Scioto Valley Railway erected a new station in Ashville; its construction helped to make the newly founded village the most important community in northern Pickaway County.</p><br>
<p>After a century of use, the depot was closed in 1976. Railroad officials planned its destruction, but local residents formed a historic preservation organization to save it; accordingly, it was relocated and placed on concrete blocks. The depot was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, qualifying because of its historic architecture and its important place in local history; among the reasons it qualified was its status as the only extant train station built by the Scioto Valley Railway. Such a designation is unusual, for buildings that have been moved from their original locations are not normally eligible for inclusion on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Athens County Infirmary is a registered historic district near Chauncey, Ohio, listed in the National Register on 2003-05-01. It contains five contributing buildings. The property is commonly known locally as the County Farm or the County Home. It currently houses the county&#39;s recycling center, dog shelter, and offices of Job & Family Services. There is also an historic cemetery on the property. The Burr Oak Water District recently has established a wellfield in the riparian zone, in deep unconsolidated sediments along the Hocking River for their primary water source, because their former water source, Burr Oak Lake, is polluted with unacceptable contaminants.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Secondary Structure</p><br>
<p>Institutional Housing</p><br>
<p>Agricultural Outbuildings</p><br>
<p>The Athens State Hospital Cow Barn is a historic agricultural building on the grounds of the former state hospital in Athens, Ohio, United States. One of several agricultural buildings associated with the hospital, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The Athens State Hospital was founded in 1874, pursuant to legislation enacted seven years prior. Within three years, the hospital was contracting with a local blacksmith to buy milk from his dairy, but by the early twentieth century, this arrangement had proven inconvenient, and in 1912 the hospital bought the farm associated with the dairy operation. Two years later, the present cow barn was erected near the old farmhouse. This was a time of expansion for the hospital complex, which retains numerous buildings from the beginning of the twentieth century; like much of the rest of the hospital, the cow barn displays Colonial Revival architectural influences, unlike the substantially older farmhouse next door. The barn itself is a linear concrete building with some shingles on the walls, a concrete foundation, and a slate-covered gambrel roof. Three towers are placed on the roofline, while dormer windows pierce the lower part of the roof at regular intervals. A prominent entryway is set in the middle of the long side of the building, with six window-filled bays to each side.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the old cow barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its place in local history and because of its historically significant architecture. Two years later, much of the state hospital complex was designated a historic district and listed on the Register, but the cow barn was not included, as it lies 0.5 mi away from the rest of the complex. No longer in agricultural use, the barn has been converted into an art gallery, the Dairy Barn Arts Center.</p><br>
<p>Atwater Congregational Church is a registered historic building in Atwater, Ohio, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 23, 1973. It was built in 1841 and incorporates elements of both the Federal and Greek Revival styles and stands over 100 ft tall. The church has had a continuous congregation that was founded in 1818 and continues to meet today as a non-denominational church. The building has undergone several renovations and repairs through the years.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized on March 20, 1818 by Reverend Caleb Pitkin, William Hanford, and Joseph Treat and was placed under the see of the Grand River Presbytery with 11 members attending the charter service. 22 new members were added the following year and meetings were held in the home of a parishioner. In 1822, a small brick church was constructed near the current church site. The congregation continued to meet there until it was decided to build a larger building in the fall of 1836. Construction began in 1838 and the completed structure was dedicated on November 7, 1841. On November 14, 1841, Reverend E. C. Sharp preached his first sermon in the new building.</p><br>
<p>After the death of Reverend Sharp, the congregation voted to leave the Cleveland Portage Presbytery on May 20, 1870. A new constitution was drafted in 1871 which made it a Congregational church. The name became "The Congregational Church of Christ in Atwater". In 1877, the church underwent repairs, at the cost of $1,548.01, and was re-dedicated and in 1896, plaster began falling from the interior dome so a flat ceiling was assembled.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, the basement was refurbished to make it suitable for meetings and other functions. At the same time, electric lights were installed in the sanctuary, replacing the 16 oil lamps which hung from the ceiling. When the renovations were completed, a festival was held which was attended by at least 1000 people from as far away as Fort Wayne, Indiana. In 1933, the church was repainted by M. C. Hall. A year later chimes were installed. Another renovation was begun in 1944. The dome was restored and electric lights were fitted in a circle around the dome. A re-dedication service was held 10 years later on June 6, 1954. A new roof was installed in 1964 and the steeple was repaired in 1967. In 1980, a new asphalt shingle roof was installed.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, another restoration was initiated. Beginning in 2005, the church underwent a major renovation which was completed in 2007. Funding for the restoration was made available through a large donation from the estate of former pastor Fred Hofer.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Religious structure</p><br>
<p>The Auglaize County Courthouse is located between West Mechanic, Willipie, West Pearl and Perry Streets in downtown Wapakoneta, Ohio, United States. Completed in 1894, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Auglaize County was formed in 1848 and Wapakoneta was chosen by the voters as the county seat. This caused many bad feelings from St. Marys, the other choice for the county seat, as they had already planned an area for the courthouse along appropriately named Court Street.</p><br>
<p>The countys first courthouse was the Methodist Episcopal church. A frame building completed in 1834, it was used by the county in exchange for the free provision of a pulpit for the congregation. Until the countys first permanent courthouse was built in 1854, the courts rotated around the city&#39;s various churches, and the local government officials used rented rooms in buildings throughout Wapakoneta. The first purpose-built courthouse was a Greek Revival style structure of red brick and white trim window and door frames. Two Corinthian columns framed the entrance and supported a pedimented roof above. A rectangular drum rose above the roof which contained corinthian column supports and was capped with a dome with a spire.</p><br>
<p>A larger courthouse was needed and the county constructed a new courthouse in 1894. The courthouse was built with bonds authorized by the Ohio General Assembly, but changes to the plans more than doubled the cost. Renovation subtly changed the interior, such as an elevator, but the courthouse remains true to its original plans.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The current courthouse was constructed from 1893 to 1894 by the architectural firm Kremer & Hart. The building is built with local stone and has a rusticated base with smooth stone from the second floor up. The first floor has square windows in groups of three and blends into the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The second floor is the main floor and is illuminated by large rectangular windows. The entrance is a projection on the eastern facade and is reached by a flight of stairs, three large arches support a balcony above. The balcony contains four Corinthian columns supporting the gabled roof above. The other entrances are also reached by a flight of stairs to a covered porch with supportive Corinthian columns and a balcony with a balustrade. A frieze separates the second floor from the third. Large arched windows light the third floor with a decorative frieze beneath the roof.</p><br>
<p>The roof rises at various points to support a square drum with a central octagonal tower with a balustrade surrounding the base. Large arched windows are surrounded by Corinthian pilasters that support a decorative frieze and a four-face clock facing the cardinal points. The tower is capped by a dome with a central spire.</p><br>
<p>The tower was once graced with a statue of Justice overlooking the main entrance to the east. The community of St. Marys found this offensive, as they had the back of Justice to them and raised money to have her turned to the north. The statue was slowly deteriorating to a point where it had to be removed due to safety reasons. The only parts salvaged from the original Justice were the head, right hand, and sword.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, in time for the centennial of the courthouse, the Auglaize County Historical Society raised money to restore the statue through a project called "Copper Pennies for a Copper Lady" which raised over $25,000. The statue now stands in the Great Hall facing north, holding a sword in her right hand and the balances of justice in her left. The base of the pedestal contains a time capsule to be opened in 2094, one item being the names of the donors for the restoration of the statue.</p><br>
<p>Ashland County Courthouse was constructed from 1928–1929 on West 2nd Street in Ashland, Ohio. The courthouse was added to the National Register on 1979-12-21.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ashland County was formed in 1846 from land taken from Richland, Wayne, Lorain and Huron counties. The county used a church for the purpose of a courthouse until a more permanent building could be constructed. This first courthouse dates from 1853 and was built with red brick and white painted wood trimming. Large Corinthian columns lined the front with Corinthian pilasters lining the sides. Large rectangular windows allowed abundant amounts of light into the interior and courtrooms. A tower rose gracefully above the sloped roof and ended in a small spire. The old county jail was built next door and was a simple stone structure. After this structure was destroyed, the current courthouse was built on its foundations.</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 1927 the old courthouse was judged to be in need of extensive repairs. The three County Commissioners, D.V. Peterson, R.L. Kreiling, and J.W. Davidson, called a mass meeting of the citizens of the county, which decided that a bond issue to build a new Court House should be voted on at the November 1927 election. Cost estimates were over $325,000.00 for the building and required equipment. County Auditor, J.P. Hunter, stated that property taxes would need to be raised by an average of.348 mills to repay the bonds over twenty-four years. The bond issue passed by a 1201 majority.</p><br>
<p>The current courthouse was designed by Vernon Redding and showcases the popular Classical Revival style of the late 1920s, consisting of clean lines with flat smooth stone and few embellishents. The solid exterior facade consists of rectangular windows and is disrupted by a central projection with large pilasters lining the entrance. A small porch is located between the entrance and a flight of stairs leading to the sidewalk. The flat roof is framed by a balustrade which in turn hides a large skylight that illuminates the Great Chamber below.</p><br>
<p>The Dinsmore Homestead is a historic house museum. The property contains a house completed in 1842 and several outbuildings. It is located at 5656 Burlington Pike , 6.5 mi west of Burlington, Kentucky.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>In 1839, James and Martha Dinsmore purchased approximately 700 acre in Boone County, Kentucky. He and his family, which included daughters, Isabella Dinsmore, Julia Dinsmore, and Susan Dinsmore, settled there, and with the help of slave labor, raised sheep and grew grapes and willows for a basket-making business that was overseen by German immigrants.</p><br>
<p>The house is notable for containing all original artifacts that were purchased by the family primarily in Cincinnati, Ohio, and southern Indiana. Some of the stores they shopped at over the years included Shillitos, McAlpins, Gest & Bruns, and Hunnewell, Hill & Co., all early Cincinnati establishments.</p><br>
<p>The primary sources belonging to the Foundation allow docents to highlight the Dinsmore family&#39;s connections to people like: George Washington, Alexander Macomb, Silas Dinsmoor, James Bowie, John Bell, Samuel Bell, John Ross, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, General Alexander Macomb, Margaret Coxe, Mathew Brady, Nellie Taft, Enid Yandell, Tyrone Power, Sarah Gibson Humphreys, Benjamin F. Goodrich, Randall L. Gibson, Julia Marlowe, Charles E. Flandrau, Charles M. Flandrau, Grace Flandrau, John W. Riddle, Theodate Pope Riddle, David Goodrich, Robert H. M. Ferguson, Ronald Munro Ferguson, John Jacob Astor IV, Isabella Selmes Ferguson Greenway King, John Campbell Greenway, Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge, Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, Douglas Robinson, Bamie Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Corinne Robinson Alsop, William Loving, James Henry Breasted, Gutzon Borglum.</p><br>
<p>The Dinsmore family, who lived in the historic home from 1842 through 1926, were associated with many historical events and trends that help to inform an understanding of local, regional, national, and global history. Some of the interesting events members of the family were involved in and wrote about include: relations between the U. S. Government and the Cherokee and Choctaw, early Republic land speculations, (for example, Macomb&#39;s Purchase), the Texas Revolution of 1836, Early Republic politics, the Adams Express Company, the American Civil War, the Spanish–American War, the sinking of the Titanic, the sinking of the Lusitania, and World War I.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>In 1987, the Dinsmore Homestead Foundation purchased the home and approximately 30 acre to preserve the site. A collection of nearly 90,000 pages of family letters, journals and business records have been preserved on microfilm for use at the Dinsmore Homestead.</p><br>
<p>The home is open for guided tours and the grounds are open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Significant focal points of the Homesteads history include, but are not limited to womens history, African American history, the history of slavery and Reconstruction, Native American history, agricultural history, and the histories of Mississippi, Louisiana, and Kentucky.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Birs has its source in a spring near the Col de Pierre Pertuis at 762 m above sea level a little southwest of Tavannes in the Jura bernois. It starts as a proper river; the large amount of water is the product of an extended underground river system.</p><br>
<p>The Birs runs through wider valleys (Vallée de Tavannes) and narrow gorges. Near Delémont, the capital of the canton of Jura, it joins the Sorne and the Scheulte. Between Soyhières and Liesberg, it leaves the French-speaking part of Switzerland and enters the canton of Basel-Landschaft. In Laufen it forms a waterfall, which was the source of power and of the name of the city.</p><br>
<p>At the gorge of Angenstein, the river runs into the Birseck, the lowland by Aesch. Between Aesch and Dornach, the Birs is rich in fresh-water crabs, the native species of which are now threatened by the American red crab. Earlier, the Birs was polluted and dammed, but it has largely been restored to its original state.</p><br>
<p>The Reinacherheide is a wildlife preserve with 83 species of bird.</p><br>
<p>The mouth of the Birs was hardly settled until the 18th century. Today, the city of Münchenstein stands there. The lower stretches of the Birs form the border between Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft. In 2004, it was restored from a concrete canal to a more natural river. Beavers have even been sighted along the river. The Birs also forms the border between the cities of Basel and Birsfelden. It flows into the Rhine at Birskopf after 73 km.</p><br>
<p>Watts Warehouse is a large, ornate Victorian Grade II* listed building standing on Portland Street in the centre of Manchester, England. It opened in 1856 as a textile warehouse for the wholesale drapery business of S & J Watts, and was the largest single-occupancy textile warehouse in Manchester. Today the building is part of the Britannia Hotels chain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Watts family</h3><br>
<p>The textile firm, S & J Watts was founded by James Watts (Mayor of Manchester), a Mancunian industrialist and entrepreneur, whose textile business had started in a small weaver&#39;s cottage in Didsbury. His success as a cotton trader was part of the commercial boom of the 19th century that gave Manchester the name "Cottonopolis", when the city was a global centre for the cotton trade.</p><br>
<p>Watts became an important figure among British industrialists, socialising with politicians and churchmen at his home, Abney Hall, in Cheadle. Prince Albert chose to stay with him when he visited Manchester to open the Art Treasures Exhibition in 1857.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The sandstone ashlar warehouse was built by local architects Travis & Mangnall in 1851–56 at a cost of £100,000. Its ornate style typifies the extravagant confidence of many Mancunian warehouses of this period, but the Watts Warehouse is notable for its peculiarly eclectic design. Designed in the form of a Venetian palazzo, the building has five storeys, each decorated in a different style – Italian Renaissance, Elizabethan, French Renaissance and Flemish – and roof pavilions featuring large Gothic wheel windows.</p><br>
<p>The interior was similarly lavish in its decoration, with a sweeping iron cantilever staircase, balconied stairwell, and mahogany counters for displaying merchandise.</p><br>
<h3>War memorial</h3><br>
<h3>The Blitz</h3><br>
<p>During the Second World War, the Watts Warehouse was hit by Luftwaffe bombs, but it was saved from destruction when the fire was smothered by textiles.</p><br>
<h3>Conversion to a hotel</h3><br>
<p>The textile industries that built Manchester eventually dwindled and, like many other industrial structures in the North of England, Watts Warehouse fell into disuse and was derelict for many years. The building was threatened with demolition in 1972, but was spared. In the 1980s, the building underwent conversion, retaining many of the original interior features. In May 1982, the Britannia Hotel opened as part of the Britannia Hotels chain initially with 25 rooms and a nightclub, eventually expanding to 363 bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>The building was Grade II* listed in 1952. The war memorial in the lobby appears on the Imperial War Museum&#39;s register.</p><br>
<p>The Ausenbaugh–McElhenny House is a historic house in the city of Huber Heights, a suburb of Dayton, Ohio, United States. Constructed in 1874, the Ausenbaugh–McElhenny House was originally home to one of the first men of Wayne Township, Joseph J. McElhenny, whose local prominence was demonstrated by his election to the office of justice of the peace. The house is one of the area&#39;s premier examples of 1870s architecture, due primarily to its Gothic Revival elements both on the exterior and the interior. It has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Built of weatherboarded walls set on a stone foundation, the Ausenbaugh–McElhenny House is covered with an asphalt roof and features smaller elements of stone and wood. Decorative elements of the stonework include rusticated blocks on the exterior courses of the foundation, as well as the use of large stone blocks for the stairs from the ground to the entry porch, a large wooden structure. The overall plan resembles the letter "T" with some changes; including a one-story extension at the letter&#39;s base, as well as the presence of the shed-roofed porch in the side ell. Aside from the single-story extension, the house is a two-story building with walls that rise to gables. Both rounded and rectangular windows pierce the walls, while the porch-facing main entrance assumes the latter shape. Detailed Gothic-styled woodwork is placed at the peak of the gables, while a small chimney sits at the peak of the roof near the right end of the crosspiece of the "T". Inside, the design is simple but not ostentatious, its styling concentrating on the use of walnut-wood trim. The second story is accessed through an enclosed stairway with an ogive-shaped entryway located near the foyer.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Ausenbaugh–McElhenny House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. The designation included two small structures, the house&#39;s privy and woodshed, as well as the main house. It is one of four Huber Heights locations on the Register, along with the Arnold Homestead, the Taylorsville Canal Inn, and Lock Seventy on the Miami and Erie Canal.</p><br>
<p>The Eliphalet Austin House is a historic residence in the community of Austinburg, Ohio, United States. Constructed by the community&#39;s namesake founder, it has been greatly modified by later owners, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The Connecticut Land Company was formed in the late eighteenth century to settle and develop the section of western Connecticut that later became the Connecticut Western Reserve region of Ohio. Eliphalet Austin joined the company and purchased wide tracts of land throughout the region, including present-day Austinburg Township, which bears his name. He settled at present-day Austinburg in 1799 and, according to local tradition, arranged for the construction of the present house in 1811. As civilization advanced in northeastern Ohio, he became regionally prominent: his land holdings were located in multiple counties, he was responsible for carrying the mails, he operated a cattle-dealing operation, and he was a state senator from 1829 to 1831. Austin&#39;s descendents inherited his property after his death.</p><br>
<p>Austins house is a brick structure in the Italianate style. Its appearance is radically different from that of its earliest years; it appears that the present appearance was the result of an extensive remodelling project conducted under the auspices of Austins grandson Louis B. Austin during the 1860s. Precise documentation of the remodelling is not extant, but numerous details are typical of the 1860s, and no extant building anywhere in the United States is known to have employed the Italianate style before 1844.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, Austin&#39;s house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying for inclusion both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its place as the home of a regionally significant man. It is one of three National Register-listed properties in Austinburg Township, along with the nearby Congregational Church of Austinburg and the L.W. Peck House in the community of Eagleville.</p><br>
<p>Austintown Log House is a log cabin near Youngstown, Ohio, listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 1974-07-30. It is managed by the Austintown Historical Society and commonly known as the "Austin Log Cabin".</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Discovery of the Cabin</p><br>
<p>In 1973, St. Andrew’s Episcopal Church, in Austintown Township, Ohio, bought an abandoned house adjacent to the church property. In the process of tearing down the house, log-like beams were discovered. Demolition stopped. Volunteers removed the artificial brick and siding from the structure revealing a two-story log cabin. The steeple notch on the corner logs indicated that the cabin has been built prior to 1824. A deed search was undertaken. This title search revealed that Calvin Austin sold 150.5 acre to John Packard on April 29, 1814 for $500.00. Further research indicated that Austintown Township, Ohio was named for Calvin Austin who was a land agent for the Connecticut Land Company. It was obvious that this priceless treasure must be preserved.</p><br>
<p>Residents of the Cabin</p><br>
<p>The earliest residents of the house were John Harris Packard (listed as one 108 resident heads of household in Austintown in 1820 census) and his second wife, Mary Alfred (or Alford) Barnes Packard. John Harris Packard was born January 30, 1748 in North Bridgewater, Mass. He and his second wife, Mary, and their 10 children migrated to Austintown in 1814. Upon Johns death on January 7, 1827 in Austintown (listed as Miander Township on his will which is included below) Ohio, the log house and surrounding 120 acre were willed to his son, William Packard. On January 14, 1828, deed records indicate a transfer of 30 acre from William and Martha Packard to Samuel Dorwat (Dorworth) for $150. Records indicate that in 1829, Dorwat and his wife, Sarah "Ann" Burgett Dorwat, sold 10 acre including the house to Henry Lawrence (alternately spelled Lorins) and his wife Polly for $50. In 1845, these 10 acre were sold to Abraham Dustman and his wife, Rebecca Mauer Dustman, for $406. The Dustmans lived there with their five children. Dustman was a farmer and is thought to have built the barn that was destroyed in a fire in 1910. In 1850, Dustman sold the property to Henry Wehr and his wife Margaret for $510. Wehr dug the wells and added the hog shed. At some point, Henry sold the property to his nephew, Levi Wehr. In the "Archeology of Log Cabin," Dr. John White describes Levi as “a heavy and secretive drinker” because White found at least 183 whiskey bottles secreted in the foundation of the second barn built by Levi in 1910. Levi and his wife, Emma, raised two daughters in the house. The house was owned in the 1940s by Willard Wesley Stricklin. Stricklin is reported to have dug out the root cellar below the kitchen. The house was occupied from 1948 to 1963 by Joseph Hanko. Hanko dug out cellar under main house and added the small bathroom extension. The house sat vacant from 1964 until 1973 when it was acquired by St. Andrews Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>Preservation of the Cabin</p><br>
<p>The Austintown Community Council worked with members of the community to raise funds for the restoration of the cabin. With the approval of township officials, the group developed an innovative fundraiser which involved standing at the busiest intersection in Austintown and collecting money from drivers in cars stopped at the red light. This, coupled with pennies collected from school children; donations from school PTAs, civic organization, and various church groups; bake sales, book sales, and a flea market yielded $50,000 with which to restore the cabin. While some volunteers were fundraising, other volunteers, under the guidance of an architect knowledgeable in historical preservation, were removing the cabin’s roof and replacing it with a wood shake roof, removing interior walls, replacing windows with panes of glass from a 100-year-old school house, and adding a furnace and new plumbing. They sealed the logs with preservatives, and they replaced the chinking with a cement mixture to simulate the original the clay, straw, mud and rock chinking. They restored the fireplace using century-old brick and an old barn beam for the mantel. As a result of their efforts, the Austin Log Cabin was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975. A $2,500 grant from the Ohio American Revolution Bicentennial Commission allowed the dedication of the Austin Log Cabin on July 4, 1976 as Austintown’s Bicentennial Project. The Austintown Historical Society was formed on July 21, 1976 for the purpose of maintaining the Austin Log Cabin. It became a 501(c)(3) in 1976 and was incorporated in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Cabin Today</p><br>
<p>The Austintown Historical Society continues to maintain the Austin Log Cabin and is responsible for the upkeep, utilities, and day-to-day maintenance. It has furnished the Austin Log Cabin through donations of period furnishing including a bed slept in by Frank Ohl, a historical figure in Austintown, a spinning wheel, yarn winder, two primitive tables, and Ohio Bicentennial memorabilia. One room of the Cabin is dedicated to the Bicentennial of the United States and memorabilia of that era. Another upstairs room of the Cabin is outfitted as a one room school house replete with documents and photos of Austintown’s 12 one-room school houses, a coal stove, desks, period books, and yearbooks from Austintown Fitch High School dating from 1917 to the present day. The basement is furnished with antique farm implements. A corn crib, a three-seat outhouse, a smokehouse, various farming implements, and a coal car from one of Austintown’s earliest coal mines are located outside. The Austin Log Cabin has served as the site for an Archaeological Dig supervised by the late Dr. John White, professor emeritus of anthropology at Youngstown State University. In addition to the cabin, Dr. White’s dig revealed the existence of a multipurpose shed which was at one time used as a chicken coop, a stock well dug in 1860-70 and abandoned by 1930, a chicken house, two outdoor privies—one dug in 1950 and one right before 1950, a barn, a second barn built circa 1910, a hog shed, a house well, a cistern, and a summer house. Relics collected during these digs are displayed throughout the Cabin as is the book, Archaeology of the Log House, produced by Dr. White. The cabin is open for free tours on the first Sunday of every month from 1-4 and by appointment other times.</p><br>
<p>The will of John Harris Packard (from M. Harke, Rootsweb entry 13209)</p><br>
<p>LAST WILL & TESTAMENT OF JOHN PACKARD:</p><br>
<p>Knowing that in the course of nature, I must go the way of all</p><br>
<p>the earth, I John Packard of Miander Township County & State</p><br>
<p>of Ohio, I being of good health and sound mind do think it my</p><br>
<p>duty as well as my privilege to make my last will and testament</p><br>
<p>in the following manner.</p><br>
<p>1st---I will that after my death my body shall be decently buried</p><br>
<p>beside my wife, likewise my funeral expenses and all just debts</p><br>
<p>shall all be paid.</p><br>
<p>2ed---I will that the property that I do not will be sold as soon as</p><br>
<p>is convinient after my death.</p><br>
<p>3ed---I will that my daughter Mary take the rent that is due me</p><br>
<p>on that farm which she had of me in Washington County (6 or</p><br>
<p>more?) years at sixty dollars per year.</p><br>
<p>4th-I will that my son Thomas Packard have five hundred dollars</p><br>
<p>5th---I will that my daughter Rachel shall have one hundred and</p><br>
<p>fifty dollars.</p><br>
<p>6th---I will Rebecca shall have one hundred and fifty dollars.</p><br>
<p>7th---I will my daughter Catherine&#39;s children shall have thirty</p><br>
<p>dollars each.</p><br>
<p>8th---I will that my son William Packard shall have all that farm</p><br>
<p>which I now live on in Millander Township, Trumbull County,</p><br>
<p>State of Ohio, containing one hundred and 20 acre, to have</p><br>
<p>and enjoy for ever.</p><br>
<p>9th---I will that my daughter Nancy shall have one hundred and fifty</p><br>
<p>dollars and my bed and bedding.</p><br>
<p>10th---I will that my son Garret&#39;s children shall have fifty dollars</p><br>
<p>equally divided, each their equal proportion.</p><br>
<p>11th---I will my son William Packard and John Dowlur, my son-in-law,</p><br>
<p>shall be my Exentors, this my last will and testament in which I set</p><br>
<p>my hand and seal this 29 day of April, 1826. John</p><br>
<p>Packard</p><br>
<p>The seven story Yale Apartments, also known as The Yale, is an important "first generation" residential high-rise, a building type made possible by advances in building structure and technology, and reflects the great growth in real estate development which typified the city in the 1890s. The building is a large-scale example of Romanesque Revival architecture style popularized by the buildings of Henry H. Richardson, and exhibits excellent craftsmanship in both materials and detailing. The Yale Apartments also possesses a rare interior atrium, ringed with galleries and topped by a glass-and-metal skylight.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1998, and later designated a Chicago Landmark on April 9, 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Yale was originally built as luxury apartments for the Chicago Exposition. In the late 1930s/early 1940s, the empty building was purchased and the interior gutted and converted to studio, 1 and 2 bedroom apartments. One top floor apartment had the addition of a staircase up to a rooftop room referred to as the penthouse.</p><br>
